Hand loom



May 6, 1941. w. J. HINES ETAL HAND LOOM Filed Aug. 12, 1938 (IttornegPatented May 6, 1941 HAND LOOM William J. Hines, Hartford, and WilliamG. Hines, West Hartford, Conn.

Application August 12, 1938, Serial No. 224,430

8 Claims. (01. 139-33) This invention relates'to hand looms and isintended, particularly, for use in weaving sheets of textile fabrics.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an apparatus whichcan be adjusted so that various sizes of such sheets may be woventhereon.

'A further object of the invention is the provision of inexpensive meansfor reversing the position of warp threads to permit fast operation inthreading the filling threads therethrough with a needle.

Other objects and advantages of our invention will be readily understoodfrom the following description and from the accompanying drawing, inwhich:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved loom.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view, in elevation, illustrating theoperation of weaving a fabric thereon.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic end View illustrating the operation of thewarp reversing mechanism of our improved loom.

Figure 4 is a similar view illustrating the said mechanism in positionto dispose warp threads in one position.

Figure 5 is a similar view illustrating the same in position to disposethe warp threads in the opposite position.

Figure 6 is a detail fragmentary view in vertical section of a portionof our improved loom, illustrating the manner of assembling the fabricsupporting bars to the base thereof.

As illustrated in the drawing, our improved loom comprises a base 5having a series of longitudinal grooves 6 and transverse grooves Itherein which are adapted to receive longitudinal toothed bars 8, forsupporting the filling threads, and a transverse toothed bar 9 forsupporting the warp thread. Each of the longitudinal bars may beanchored in either of the longitudinal grooves 6 by means of anchoringpins ill, of which there is one provided at each side of the base 5.Each of these pins fits in a hole II which extends across the groove Idisposed at one side of the base and the said pin extends through anopening l2 in each of the bars. The said pins are provided with a knobl3 to permit withdrawal thereof when it is desired to removethe bars 8and 9 from the base.

The longitudinal bars 8 are provided at their ends with notches M toprovide means for anchoring the ends of the warp thread. If desired,cleats l5 may be provided on the base 5 for anchoring the said warpthread when they are found more convenient to use.

At one end of the base 5, and opposite to the warp thread supporting bar9, I provide a series of warp thread hooks which are pivotally mountedupon a hook supporting base l6. Each of the said hooks are constructedof a piece of wire forming a stem I! which is formedat one end toprovide a hook l8 and bent, intermediate its ends, to form a tappet l9.

The said hooks are disposed with their stems parallel to the top of thebase 5, on an axis with the teeth on the bars 8 and 9 and are rotatablysecured to the top of the supporting base [6 by means of an invertedU-shaped spacing bar 29 which has a series of notches 2| at oppositesides thereof to receive the stem ll of the hooks. The said spacing bar.is secured upon the surface of the base l6,,by means of prongs (notshown) which extend through notches 22 in the said base, and has alongitudinal slot 23 through which the tappets l9 extend.

The hook supporting base It is secured to the base 5 by means of anupright portion 24 which fits in a groove 25 that is provided in saidbase and has a. flange 26 at its opposite side resting on the surface ofthe base 5.

When desired, the said hook supporting base may be detached from thebase 5 with the entire hook assembly thereon.

From the illustration in Figure 6 of the drawing, it will be noted thatthe warp supporting toothed bar 9 is anchored in the base 5 by means ofa tab 21, at each end thereof, which extends through a notch 28 in eachof the side bars 8.

In the operation of our improved loom, the

warp thread 29 is first threaded through the teeth 90. of the bar 9 andthrough the hooks I8, as clearly illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing,to form a series of loops 36 having parallel threads. The ends of thesaid warp thread may be then anchored by hooking them into the notches Il as clearly illustrated or, if desired, they may be anchored under thecleats l5.

All of the hooks l8 are then turned in one direction by running a fingeracross the top of the bar 29, in the direction indicated by the arrow inFigure 3, and thus positioning all of the tappets I9 against each otheras clearly illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.

This places all of the hooks at an angle so that the threads at one sideof the warp loops are disposed over and those at the opposite side aredisposed under.

A filling thread 3| is then woven through the warp threads, by means ofa needle 32, which may be inserted between the over and under warpthreads and moved across the entire number of warp threads in the loom.When the filler thread has thus been inserted, it is moved back andlooped around the teeth 8a of the longitudinal bars or side bars 8 asclearly illustrated in Figure 2. This serves to support the fabric onall sides and at the same time enables the production of fabric sheetswhich are exactly uniform in width and number of warps and fillerthreads.

After each time that the needle 32 is threaded between the over andunder warp threads,

the hooks are turned to their opposite position by running the fingeracross the tappets I9 and the needle 32 is always moved or insertedbetween the warp loops in the direction to which the tappets point; thuseliminating error in.in-.

sorting the filler thread so as to properly register with the precedingfiller strand.

It will be noted that the tappets I9, being formed by simply bending thehooked wiresito form a U-shaped bend, eliminate costly methods ofproviding such tappets on the hooks. Further, the said tappets, being ofsufficient length to engage the adjacent tappets, will insure that allof the hooks will register in one direction for each operation; it beingimpossible to have any of said hooks turned in a relatively opposite,direction to its adjacent hook for the reason that each tappet cannot beturned independently of the adjacent tappet. Also, each tappet will tendto swing with it the next tappet thereto, as clearly illustrated inFigure 3, when a finger is moved across the tappet in the direction ofthe arrow shown therein, or in the direction to which the tappets are tobe turned. Thus joint operation of the tappets is performed each timethat the position of the hooksis to be reversed.

As clearly illustrated, in Figures 4 and 5, of the drawing, when thetappets are in one position, all of the threads forming the warp loopswill register one above the other. When the hooks are turned to theopposite direction, the position of the threads is reversed.

It will be noted that. the ends of the side bars 8.8 are spaced from thehooks l8.. This is to permit insertion of the needle 32 between the warpthreads at a point near the hooks where the spacing between the over andunder warp strands is the greatest and thus the needle is permitted topass through with the greatest amount of ease. After all the spacesbetween the teeth on the side bars 8 have been filled, one

-or more extra filler threads may be inserted to fill the warp threadsfor the distance between the bars 8 and the hooks. The sheet of fabricis then completed and it may be removed from the loom by simplyreleasing the warp ends from the notches 1'4, lifting the sheet off theteeth of the bars 8 and 9 and unhooking the same from the hooks I8.

By providing the side bars l8, each sheet o fabric produced on ourimproved loom will be of a uniform width for its entire length for thereason that each filler thread will be exactly the same length as theothers and thus a very important advantage is gained over loomsheretofore produced where no side bars have been provided. It has,heretofore, been impossible to produce sheets 'of uniform. width for thereason that, when the said bars are not provided, the length of. thefiller threads may vary according to the amount of pull given to thethread 3|. It has also been difiicult to produce sheets having exactlythe same number of filler threads and which were exactly of the sameshape so that, when sewn together to form a larger sheet, such as ablanket or the like, the said loops formed by the filler threads and thewarp threads would register with the corresponding loops of the adjacentsheets.

With our improved loom, fabric sheets of different sizes may be producedthereon by simply inserting toothed strips of suitable lengths in theproper grooves 6 and 1 for the size of sheet which is desired.

It will be noted that there are enough of the hooks I8 extended acrossthe base to cover the distance between the two furtherest longitudi--'nal grooves 6. When the loom is adjusted for a small sheet, the extrahooks may simply overlap beyond the edges without in any way encumberingthe" weaving operation.

The hooks l8 and the teeth on the bars 3 and 9 may be spaced inaccordance with the number of threads per inch which are desired in thefabric to be produced. It will, therefore, be understood that, while wehave illustrated and described one form of a loom embodying ourinvention, the same may be varied in its construction to a greater orlesser extent without departing from the scope of our invention as setforth in the following claims.

We claim:

1. A loom of the character described comprising a base having a seriesof. longitudinal and transverse grooves in the top surface thereof, anda plurality of toothed strips extending vertically above said base andselectively mounted in said grooves to receive loops of warp threads andfiller threads of sheets of fabric of various sizes.

2. A loom comprising a base having a plurality of longitudinal andtransverse grooves, in the top surface thereof, two toothed bars mountedin two of said longitudinal grooves, a separate toothed bar mounted inone of said transverse grooves, and a plurality of rotatable hooks in arow extending in front of the ends of the-said two bars and opposite andparallel to the said separate bar.

3. A loom comprising a base having a series of toothed lbars formingthree sides of a rectangle thereon and adjustable on said base toprovide rectangles of different sizes, a row of rotatable membersdisposed adjacent to said strips and forming another side of saidrectangle, and means for securing said strips on said base comprising apin extending transversely through the base and projecting through anopening in each of said strips.

4. A loom comprising a base having a plurality of grooves therein,strips mountable in said grooves and having a row of teeth in the edgethereof for receiving the threads of a fabric, and means comprising apin extending through an opening transversely across said grooves and anopening in each of said strips for securing: the said strips upon saidbase.

5. A m comprising a base having a series of toothed strips verticallymounted thereon, means on the top surface of said base for selectivelypositioning said strips to provide three sides of arectangle on saidbase anda row of pivoted horizontally disposed hooks adjacent to saidstrips and; providing the other side of said rectangle.

6. In a loom of the character described, a base, a sub-base mounted onsaid base, a plurality of hooks mounted on said sub-base, an invertedU-shaped retaining bar secured to said sub-base and having notches inthe edges thereof to rotatably retain said hooks in parallel spacedrelation upon said sub-base, a U-shaped bend in each of said hooksforming a tappet extending therefrom through a slot in said retainingbar and in adjacent position, relative to the tappets of the adjoininghooks, whereby the said hooks may be successively rotated by a slidingmovement of a finger upon the said retaining bar and in the direction ofthe longitudinal axis thereof.

7. A loom of the character described comprising a base, oppositelydisposed parallel toothed strips on said base, a separate similarlytoothed strip disposed perpendicular to and between said parallel stripswith the ends thereof into abutment with said strips, and projections onsaid separate strip extending through openings in said parallel stripsfor adjustably interlocking the said separate strip to the said parallel strips and retaining the same in relative position.

8. For a 100m of the character described, the combination consisting ofa base, rows of loop retaining means forming three sides of a rectangleon said base, and a row of pivotally mounted loop retaining means on aline transverse to two of said rows, to form the fourth side of saidrectangle, and spaced from the ends of said two rows to permit theinsertion of a weft needle between said row and ends.

